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Head-on elastic collision of two balls. Before the collision, the first (red) ball has the velocity \(v_1 = 0\), which means: The ball is at rest. The second (blue) ball has the velocity \(v_2\) to the left. The mass \(m_1\) of the first ball is negligible compared to the mass \(m_2\) of the second ball.
The two balls collide head-on. After this collision, the first ball gets twice the speed of the second ball: \(v'_1 \approx 2v_2\) and the second ball keeps its velocity: \(v'_2 \approx v_2\).