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Impedance (complex resistance) represented as a phasor \( \boldsymbol{Z} \) in a complex plane. The complex plane together with the phasor forms a phasor diagram.
The phasor rotates counterclockwise. Here it was shown at a certain point in time. The phasor has a real part \( R \) and an imaginary part \( X \), which is called reactance.
The real part and the imaginary part of \(\boldsymbol{Z}\) uniquely define the phasor in the plane:$$ \boldsymbol{Z} ~=~ R ~+~ \text{i} \, X $$