Level 3
Level 3 requires the basics of vector calculus, differential and integral calculus. Suitable for undergraduates and high school students.
Illustration Electromagnetic wave (EM wave)
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An electromagnetic wave is a possible solution of Maxwell's equations. It is a time-dependent electromagnetic field consisting of the time-dependent field component of the electric field \(\boldsymbol{E}(t)\) and the magnetic field \(\boldsymbol{B}(t)\), which are orthogonally aligned in vacuum. The EM wave also propagates orthogonally to \(\boldsymbol{E}(t)\) and \(\boldsymbol{B}(t)\) at the speed of light \(c\).