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A simple alternating current circuit. An AC voltage \( U_{\text C}(t) \) (e.g. a sinusoidal voltage), is applied to a capacitor and causes an AC current \( I_{\text C}(t) \).
The capacitor has a capacitive reactance \( X_{\text C} \), which depends on the frequency \( f \) of the AC voltage and the capacitance \( C \) of the capacitor.
In the case of a DC voltage, the capacitive reactance \( X_{\text C} \) is infinite.